Rwanda-Burundi Historical Context
1860-95 – Rwabugiri Consolidation: feudal patronage, centralized military.
1919 – Versailles: Belgium to govern Ruanda-Urundi.
1946 – Rwanda-Burundi becomes UN trust territory governed by Belgium.
1957-1963 Hutu Social Revolution: 150k-270k Rwandan Tutsi emigrate or killed.
1957 – Hutus issue Manifesto, Hutu political parties formed.
1959 – Tutsi King Kigeri along with 25k-75k Tutsi leave (Uganda).
1963 – Independence: Hutu President, 140k-250k (30-80%) Tutsi leave the country.
1963 – 10-20k Tutsi killed in Rwanda following failed Tutsi invasion from Burundi.
1972 – 50-200k Hutu killed in Burundi: deliberate targeting of elites off name lists
1973 – Military coup in Rwanda led by Juvenal Habyarimana: Northern Hutu purge Southern Hutu
1988 – 50k Hutu refugees enter Rwanda from Burundi following failed Hutu coup attempt.
1990 1st Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) invasion from Uganda.
1993 Feb: 2nd RPF invasion. Creates 1,000,000 IDP housed in 40 camps
1993 June: Hutu President elected in Burundi for first time (Buyoya out).
1993 Aug: Arusha Accords: RPF 5/21 ministries, 40% of military. Elections in 22 mos.
1993 Oct: Burundi President (Hutu), cabinet, assassinated by Tutsi soldiers: Coup fails
1993 Nov: Dallaire reports plans and preparations for mass killings
1994 Apr 6:
1994 Aug 1: 2 million EDP, 1 million IDP, 1 million (?) dead: 50% dead or refugee.
1996 Jul 25: Coup in Burundi, Buyoya seizes power: Tutsi restoration complete
1998 – 2000 – RPF gains control of Eastern Congo to Kisangani/Stanleyville.
1860-95 – Rwabugiri Consolidation: feudal patronage, centralized military.
1919 – Versailles: Belgium to govern Ruanda-Urundi.
1946 – Rwanda-Burundi becomes UN trust territory governed by Belgium.
1957-1963 Hutu Social Revolution: 150k-270k Rwandan Tutsi emigrate or killed.
1957 – Hutus issue Manifesto, Hutu political parties formed.
1959 – Tutsi King Kigeri along with 25k-75k Tutsi leave (Uganda).
1963 – Independence: Hutu President, 140k-250k (30-80%) Tutsi leave the country.
1963 – 10-20k Tutsi killed in Rwanda following failed Tutsi invasion from Burundi.
1972 – 50-200k Hutu killed in Burundi: deliberate targeting of elites off name lists
1973 – Military coup in Rwanda led by Juvenal Habyarimana: Northern Hutu purge Southern Hutu
1988 – 50k Hutu refugees enter Rwanda from Burundi following failed Hutu coup attempt.
1990 1st Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) invasion from Uganda.
1993 Feb: 2nd RPF invasion. Creates 1,000,000 IDP housed in 40 camps
1993 June: Hutu President elected in Burundi for first time (Buyoya out).
1993 Aug: Arusha Accords: RPF 5/21 ministries, 40% of military. Elections in 22 mos.
1993 Oct: Burundi President (Hutu), cabinet, assassinated by Tutsi soldiers: Coup fails
1993 Nov: Dallaire reports plans and preparations for mass killings
1994 Apr 6:
- Rwandan president Habyarimana (Hutu), Burundian president (Hutu), 8 others, killed
- FAR and Interahamwe begin Genocidal campaign
- RPF 3rd Invasion: Launch three pronged offensive
1994 Aug 1: 2 million EDP, 1 million IDP, 1 million (?) dead: 50% dead or refugee.
1996 Jul 25: Coup in Burundi, Buyoya seizes power: Tutsi restoration complete
1998 – 2000 – RPF gains control of Eastern Congo to Kisangani/Stanleyville.
