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GenoDynamics
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Rwanda-Burundi Historical Context

1860-95 – Rwabugiri Consolidation: feudal patronage, centralized military.

1919 – Versailles: Belgium to govern Ruanda-Urundi.

1946 – Rwanda-Burundi becomes UN trust territory governed by Belgium.

1957-1963 Hutu Social Revolution: 150k-270k Rwandan Tutsi emigrate or killed.

1957 – Hutus issue Manifesto, Hutu political parties formed.

1959 – Tutsi King Kigeri along with 25k-75k Tutsi leave (Uganda).

1963 – Independence: Hutu President, 140k-250k (30-80%) Tutsi leave the country.

1963 – 10-20k Tutsi killed in Rwanda following failed Tutsi invasion from Burundi.

1972 – 50-200k Hutu killed in Burundi: deliberate targeting of elites off name lists

1973 – Military coup in Rwanda led by Juvenal Habyarimana: Northern Hutu purge Southern Hutu

1988 – 50k Hutu refugees enter Rwanda from Burundi following failed Hutu coup attempt.

1990 1st Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) invasion from Uganda.

1993 Feb: 2nd RPF invasion. Creates 1,000,000 IDP housed in 40 camps

1993 June: Hutu President elected in Burundi for first time (Buyoya out).

1993 Aug: Arusha Accords: RPF 5/21 ministries, 40% of military. Elections in 22 mos.

1993 Oct: Burundi President (Hutu), cabinet, assassinated by Tutsi soldiers: Coup fails

1993 Nov: Dallaire reports plans and preparations for mass killings

1994 Apr 6:

  • Rwandan president Habyarimana (Hutu), Burundian president (Hutu), 8 others, killed
  • FAR and Interahamwe begin Genocidal campaign
  • RPF 3rd Invasion: Launch three pronged offensive

1994 Aug 1: 2 million EDP, 1 million IDP, 1 million (?) dead: 50% dead or refugee.

1996 Jul 25: Coup in Burundi, Buyoya seizes power: Tutsi restoration complete

1998 – 2000 – RPF gains control of Eastern Congo to Kisangani/Stanleyville.



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